Any behavioural interaction between male and female individuals which leads to or initiates spawning.

Complex, genetically-determined sequence of behaviour, usually employing a combination of visual, auditory and chemical stimuli taking place before spawning. Either or both sexes may be the protagonist.

Of or relating to the cranium or skull.

The skull, particularly the section enclosing the brain.

Type of lake formed by accummulation of water in a volvanic crater or caldera.

Having a margin or edge consisting of shallow, rounded or scalloped projections. Similar to crenulate.

Having a finely crenate edge or margin.

Active during twilight.

Bony or fleshy ridge on the head or certain parts of the body, e.g., the caudal peduncle.

Dwelling in crevices.

To crossbreed; an organism produced by crossbreeding; a hybrid

An organism with parents of two different breeds, races, varieties, or species; the process involved in producing such an organism.

Any member of the predominantly aquatic arthropod grouping Crustacea which currently contains almost 70,000 recognised species, including all crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill and barnacles. It’s difficult to define their characteristics since the group is of arguable hierarchical status, generally regarded to represent either a Phylum or Subphylum.

In biology to refer to an organism or individual tending to conceal or camouflage itself, usually by some phenotypic or morphological means.

The minute projections characteristic of ctenoid scales.

Comblike; having an edge or margin with multiple, tiny projections resembling the teeth of a comb.

Scale type having ctenii on the posterior edge and a consequent rough texture.

A measurement of liquid, equivalent to a cube 1cm on each side (US spelling).  Also known as a millilitre, since as it is one thousandth of a litre.

A measurement of liquid, equivalent to a cube 1cm on each side.  Also known as a millilitre, since it is one thousandth of a litre.

Behavioural strategy seen in certain nest-building fishes in which one or more males that are not an accepted part of a spawning event fertilise some eggs. Such individuals are commonly referred to as sneaker, sneaky or satellite males.