Leaf of the tree and shrub genus Quercus. Dried and used in aquaria to simulate certain natural conditions, especially those typical of blackwater habitats.

Each of two or more synonyms referring to nominal taxa with the same name-bearing type, or, in the cases of family-group and genus-group taxa, referring to nominal taxa with name-bearing types whose own names are themselves objectively synonymous.

In biology, able to exist or thrive only under a certain set of environmental conditions, e.g., an obligate peat swamp-dweller.

Having a blunt or rounded tip.

Of or related to the back of the skull or head; occipital bone.

Median bone on the back of the head

Back segment of the skull or head.

Possessing or resembling an ocellus or ocelli; having a spotted colour pattern.

Element of colour pattern resembling an eye; an eyespot or 'false' eye, often present in order to disorient predators.

Of or related to the eye or sense of sight.

Abbreviation of the term original description, sometimes used in non-scientific literature.

Rigid, dermal structure resembling a tooth or bristle found in certain fish taxa, notably many neotropical catfishes. Also known as a dermal tooth and has a structure comparable to that of an oral tooth, with dentine surrounding a central pulp cavity covered by a superficial layer of enamel or similar material. Often more pronounced or extensively-distributed in […]

Excess and subsequent accummulation of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or body cavities of an organism. Also spelled 'edema'.

Muscular tube through which food passes from mouth to stomach in vertebrates; the gullet. Also spelled 'esophagus'.

Small, spherical droplet of oil found within the yolk sac of fish larvae. There may be one or more present and the size, positioning, and colour are also variable meaning they can be useful in terms of taxon identification.

Of, relating to, or contributing to the sense of smell.

Class of annelids that includes earthworms.

An organism able to live in oligotrophic environments.

Refers to bodies of water containing few nutrients and supporting little in the way of plant life. Opposite of copiotrophic.

An organism that consumes both plants and animals.