Ichthyological terms, not general ones.
Taxonomical method used to classify species of organisms into clades, each of which contains an ancestor organism and all its descendants, based on synapomorphies (shared derived characters). Cladistic classifications are usually presented in the form of a cladogram.
At, towards or constituting a base; primitive. Opposite of derived. In cladistics, used to in reference to a clade within which other clades are nested.
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A group of organisms sharing homologous features, believed to have evolved from a common ancestor following the principles of cladistics; a monophyletic group; a grouping hypothesised on the basis of phylogenetic information.
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Branching, tree-like diagram used in cladistics to represent the evolutionary tree of life. Used to depict phylogenetic relationships and show points at which species diverged from their common ancestral forms.
In phylogenetics or cladistics, the particular group under scrutiny in a study. Opposite of outgroup.
In cladistics, used to refer to a clade located within a larger clade.
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In cladistics, a character or trait shared by two or more taxonomic groups but derived from a remote or much earlier common ancestral form and therefore cannot be used to define a clade. Also known as an ancestral state and generally appears at the base level of a cladogram.
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In cladistics, a monophyletic group more closely related to the group in question than any other, i.e., the closest outgroup. Sister groups normally share an immediate common ancestor.
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In cladistics, a character or trait shared by two or more taxonomic groups and derived from a remote or much earlier common ancestral form.
In cladistics, a character or trait shared by two or more taxonomic groups and derived from a common ancestral form, whose ancestor in turn did not possess that trait.
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