outgroup
In phylogenetics, a group of organisms serving as a reference and comparison to the groups being studied. Opposite of ingroup.
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Ichthyological terms, not general ones.
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ingroup
In phylogenetics or cladistics, the particular group under scrutiny in a study. Opposite of outgroup.
sister group
In cladistics, a monophyletic group more closely related to the group in question than any other, i.e., the closest outgroup. Sister groups normally share an immediate common ancestor.
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