Ichthyological terms, not general ones.
Any representative of the genus Daphnia; small, planktonic crustaceans commonly referred to as 'water fleas' and often used as food for ornamental fishes. They're members of the order Cladocera and reproduce by parthenogenesis.
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Used in phylogenetics in reference to a character or character state not present in the ancestral form of a species; apomorphic.
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In phylogenetics, a trait present in an organism which was absent in the last common ancestor of the group being considered; an apomorphy. Also used to refer to traits present in the ancestral form that have subsequently been lost.
In phylogenetics or cladistics, the particular group under scrutiny in a study. Opposite of outgroup.
In phylogenetics, a group of organisms serving as a reference and comparison to the groups being studied. Opposite of ingroup.
Phylogenetic state in which juvenile or larval characters are retained in and throughout the adult stage. May arise via neoteny or progenesis.
In phylogenetics, a paraphyletic taxon is, loosely, an artificial grouping that does not include all descendants from the common ancestor of its members; monophyletic group from which one or more of clades is omitted in order to form an additional group.
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Taxonomic rank into which a genus is divided, but otherwise difficult to delineate precisely with a single definition satisfying all eventualities still lacking to date. There exist a number of concepts of which the most popular in vertebrate taxonomy include the biological species concept and phylogenetic species concept.
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