Edit Horadandia atukorali

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Name

Scientific name

Horadandia atukorali

Described by

Authority Deraniyagala, Year 1943

Family

Cyprinidae

Common names

Not recorded

Photograph credits

All 3 credited

Summary

Horadandia atukorali is a miniature cyprinid from Sri Lanka and southern India, where it is restricted to Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry…

Size and aquarium

Maximum size

30mm, standard length

Aquarium size

Minimum length 45 cm, Minimum depth 30 cm

Water

Water conditions

Temperature 20–26°C, pH 5.5–7.5

Hardness

2–12dGH

Conductivity

Not recorded

Behaviour

Temperament

Peaceful

Community suitability

Not for a community

Where it lives

Countries, regions, rivers and lakes

Sri Lanka

Writing

Etymology

Not written yet

Distribution

Native to Sri Lanka and southern India where in the latter it's restricted to Kerala and Tamil Nadu states plus the Union State of Puducherry (formerly Pondich…

Habitat

Apparently shows a preference for sluggish and still waters such as rice paddies, swamps and weedy ponds, tending to be most common in flood plains and other l…

Aquarium size

A group is best kept in an aquarium with base measurements upwards of measuring upwards of 45 ∗ 30 cm.

Maintenance

Best kept in a densely-planted tank and is an excellent choice for the carefully-aquascaped set-up. The addition of some floating plants and driftwood roots or…

Water conditions

Not written yet

Diet

Chiefly a micropredator feeding on small insects, worms, crustaceans and other zooplankton in nature. In the aquarium it will accept dried foods of a suitable …

Behaviour and compatibility

This species is very peaceful but does not make an ideal community fish due to its small size and rather timid nature. It will do best when maintained alone or…

Sexual dimorphism

Mature females are noticeably rounder-bellied and usually larger than males.

Reproduction

This species hasn't been bred often in aquaria but the few reports that do exist suggest it's not too difficult. Like many small cyprinids this species is an e…

Notes

The genus is monotypic and distinguished from other cyprinid taxa by a combination of a moderately compressed, elongated body with two rows of teeth on the low…

The genus is monotypic and distinguished from other cyprinid taxa by a combination of a moderately compressed, elongated body with two rows of teeth on the lower pharyngeal (throat) bone and lacking barbles, visible lateral line and a symphyseal knob on the lower jaw (Talwar & Jhingran, 1991)[7].

Its small adult size evolved via a process known as miniaturisation characterised by sexually mature adults with a significantly reduced size of less than 20 mm0.8 in SL. Among bony fishes cyprinids are one of the few groups in which this phenomenon occurs repeatedly with all Barboides, Danionella, Microdevario, Microrasbora, Horadandia, Boraras, Paedocypris, Sawbwa and Sundadanio species representing miniaturised taxa along with a few members of Danio, Laubuca and Rasbora. All show a preference for still or slow-moving waters, often in nutrient-poor habitats such as forest peat swamps.

The anatomical structure of miniaturised cyprinids can vary greatly; there are two principle 'groupings' with some species possessing intermediate features to some degree. The first contains those fishes which though small are essentially proportionally dwarfed versions of their larger relatives e.g. Barboides, Microdevario, Microrasbora, Horadandia, Boraras, Sawbwa, Sundadanio, Danio, Laubuca and Rasbora.

The other includes those in which anatomical development stops at a point where adult still resemble a larval form of their larger ancestor i.e. Danionella and Paedocypris. The latter are usually referred to as 'developmentally truncated' or 'paedomorphic' and are thought to have evolved via a process known as 'progenetic paedomorphosis' i.e. paedomorphosis brought about by accelerated maturation.

They typically exhibit a simplified skeletal structure along with species-specific morphological peculiarities such as the tooth-like projections in male Danionella dracula. Britz et al. (2009) consider that developmental truncation may have facilitated the development of such novelties 'by freeing large parts of the skeleton from developmental constraints, dissociating developmentally linked pathways and creating a greater potential for more dramatic changes'.

Following Liao et al. (2009) Horadandia is a member of the rasborin sub-group within the subfamily Danioninae (the other sub-group contains the danionins). This group is further subdivided into six clades (clusters of closely-related species) of which H. atukorali is included in 'clade three' alongside Boraras brigittae, Rasboroides vaterifloris, Trigonostigma heteromorpha and three species previously included in Rasbora but moved into new genera by the authors; Trigonopoma gracile, T. pauciperforatum and Rasbosoma spilocerca.

Of these it was found to form a monophyletic group with Rasboroides meaning these two probably derived from the same common ancestor. The results for B. brigittae and T. heteromorpha were found to be inconclusive in some respects and further work regarding their phylogenetic position was recommended.

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References

7 on this profile

Name

Scientific name

Described by

Family

Common names

Photograph credits

Summary

Size and aquarium

Maximum size

Aquarium size

Water

Water conditions

Hardness

Conductivity

Behaviour

Temperament

Social needs

Community suitability

Where it lives

Countries, regions, rivers and lakes

Writing

Etymology

Distribution

Habitat

Aquarium size

Maintenance

Water conditions

Diet

Behaviour and compatibility

Sexual dimorphism

Reproduction

Notes

References

References