Glossary

chromosome

A strand-like structure found in the nucleus of cells that contains DNA and associated proteins. Carries the genes determining heredity.

Used in 5 species profiles

cytogenetics
Branch of genetics biology concerned with cell structure and function, particularly that of chromosomes.
diploid
Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, i.e., one from each parent.
DNA
Abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded, self-replicating genetic material comprised of a chain of nucleotides. Present in nearly all living organisms and is the main constituent of chromosomes. DNA segments containing genetic instructions are called genes and normally direct production and activity of RNA.
gene
Basic hereditary unit comprising a sequence of nuceleotides within a strand of DNA or RNA and occupying a fixed position on a chromosome. Generally determines a particular character or trait present in an organism by directing production and activity of RNA.
heredity
The passing of characteristics or traits from parent or ancestor to offspring or later generations; the sum of such inherited features or their characteristics.
karyology
Branch of cytology concerned with cell nuclei, particularly the nature and structure of chromosomes.