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Microrasbora rubescensRed Dwarf 'Rasbora'
Annandale, 1918
Max length30mm SL1.2in SLTank60 × 30cm24 × 12inTemp20–24°C68–75°FpH6.0–8.0This species may be seen on sale under various trade names including 'red-line dwarf rasbora', 'emerald dwarf rasbora', or 'red dwarf rasbora'. A similar-looking, apparently undescribed congener has been collected near the town of Hopong, also in Shan State. It differs from M. rubescens by possessing a greenish to bluish lateral stripe plus a larger adult size, and is traded as Microrasbora cf. rubescens, M. 'thuzari', M. sp. 'rose blue line', 'Asian Cardinal Rasbora', or 'flame red rasbora'.

Mikrogeophagus altispinosusBolivian Ram
Haseman, 1911
Max length80mm SL3.1in SLTank90 × 45cm36 × 18inTemp24–28°C75–82°FpH6.0–7.5This species appears endemic to the upper rio Madeira basin in Bolivia and Brazil. Records exist from the Río Mamoré and Río Guaporé drainages in Bolivia (where the Guaporé is known as the Iténez) and Brazil plus the upper Río Orthon (ríos Tahuamanu and Manuripi). Type locality is 'sand-bank in the Rio Marm...
Mogurnda adspersaSouthern Purple Spotted Gudgeon
authority not recorded
Max length140mm SL6in SLTank120 × 30cm48 × 12inTemp16–24°C61–75°FpH7.0–7.5This species is considered endangered across its native range, but has recently begun to appear in the hobby a little more often as a result of commercial farming. It's still by no means common though. Superficially it looks very similar to the much commoner Northern purple spotted gudgeon (Mogurnda mogurnda), but can be distinguished by the presence of only 30-36 scales along its lateral line, (as opposed to 37-48 in M. mogurnda), and a higher degree of red spotting in the second dorsal fi...
Mogurnda mogurndaNorthern Purple Spotted Gudgeon
authority not recorded
Max length170mm SL7in SLTank120 × 30cm48 × 12inTemp24–26°C75–79°FpH6.0–8.0A good species of gudgeon for the beginner, being tolerant of a wide range of water conditions, hardy and easily bred. We've even seen them spawning in dealer's tanks on more than one occasion. It's easily confused with the similar looking, but rarer Southern purple spotted gudgeon, Mogurnda adspersa, a fish which is now being farmed for the trade despite being endangered in nature....
Monocirrhus polyacanthusSouth American Leaf Fish
authority not recorded
Max length100mm SL3.9in SLTank75 × 30cm30 × 12inTemp23–29°C73–84°FpH5.0–6.8An incredibly-adapted species, this fish is camouflaged to mimic a dead leaf, both in body shape and pattern. It can change colour to match its surroundings and has a projection from its bottom lip that resembles a leaf stalk. When hunting, it stalks its prey in a head-down stance, appearing to drift towards it like a dead leaf drifting in a current. In reality, the fish is propelled by tiny movements of its transparent fins. When it strikes at an item of prey the entire mouth protrudes outwards...

Mystacoleucus argenteus
Day, 1888
Max length140mm SL6in SLTank120 × 45cm48 × 18inTemp20–27°C68–81°FpH6.0–7.5All Mystacoleucus species possess a procumbent predorsal spine orientated towards the head, though it can be difficult to spot with the naked eye. This can become entangled in an aquarium net so care must be taken when handling the fish. The trait is shared by members of Tor, Spinibarbus and Paraspinibarbus although there exists no strong evidence to suggest that these genera form a monophyletic lineage and it is...

Mystacoleucus atridorsalis
Fowler, 1937
Max length80mm SL3.1in SLTanknot recordedTempnot recordedpHnot recordedThis species can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: body depth fits 2.5-2.7 times in SL; 28-31 +2-3 lateral line scales; 14-16 circumpeduncular scale rows; 5-5½ scale rows between the lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; a triangular distal blotch on the dorsal-fin; a few body scales with crescent-shaped black edges; a thin dark margin on the dorsal-fin, posterior to the distal blotch; a dark posterior margin on the caudal-fin; normally a single pair of rudimentary barbels present.

Mystacoleucus greenwayi
Pellegrin & Fang, 1940
Max length100mm SL3.9in SLTank120 × 45cm48 × 18inTemp20–27°C68–81°FpH6.0–7.5Predominantly a riverine fish favouring clear, well-oxygenated, running water with substrates of sand or gravel and often present in rock and boulder-filled headwater streams. In the Mun River, close to the Pak Mun dam, Thailand, sympatric species included Hampala dispar, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Osteochilus hasseltii,...

Mystacoleucus lepturus
Huang, 1979
Max length95mm SL3.7in SLTanknot recordedTempnot recordedpHnot recordedThis species can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: body relatively slender, depth fitting 3.4-3.8 times in SL; 32-33 + 2 lateral line scales; 14 circumpeduncular scale rows; presence of a single pair of barbels; black distal margin on dorsal-fin; numerous body scales with dark, crescent-shaped markings.
Mystus bimaculatusTwo Spot Mystus
authority not recorded
Max length65mm SL2.6in SLTank45 × 30cm18 × 12inTemp23–30°C73–86°FpH4.0–6.5A delightful little species that deserves greater popularity in the hobby. All attempts at captive breeding should be encouraged, as its natural habitat is in danger of destruction by human activity.
Mystus bleekeriDay's Mystus
authority not recorded
Max length155mm SL6in SLTank120 × 30cm48 × 12inTemp18–26°C64–79°FpH5.8–8.0This species superficially resembles the more common (in the hobby) M. vittatus, but can be distinguished by its larger adult size and much longer adipose fin. It is an ideal peaceful catfish for larger communities and as with many other bagrids, is in our opinion somewhat underrated in the hobby....
Mystus singaringan
authority not recorded
Max length300mm SL12in SLTank120 × 45cm48 × 18inTemp22–27°C72–81°FpH5.6–7.0This large Mystus is not often seen in the hobby. It makes a fine bottom dweller for communities containing other robust species. It is used as a food fish in many of it's native countries....

Myxocyprinus asiaticusChinese Sailfin Sucker
Bleeker, 1864
Max length900mm SL35in SLTanknot recordedTemp15.5–21°C60–70°FpH6.0–8.0This species is traded under various names including 'Chinese banded shark', 'Chinese sucker', 'freshwater batfish', 'high-fin banded loach', etc. It's currently illegal to import or own privately in several countries, including the UK, but continues to be available with only the attractive juvenile form traded, and almost always without information regarding adult size of almost a metre or potential lifepan of 25 years+. Myxocyprinus is a monotypic genus and the only Asian representative of the family Cato...
Nannacara anomalaGolden Dwarf Cichlid
authority not recorded
Max length76mm SL3.0in SLTank46 × 38cm18 × 15inTemp22–25°C72–77°FpHnot recordedNannacara Anomala are widely available in the trade, and are generally regarded as an excellent beginner's fish. If a beginner is interested in keeping Cichlids and learning about breeding, then these fish are absolutely ideal. Anomala are attractive, hardy and usually quite cheap to purchase. Like some species of the Apistogramma genus, the mother may use fascinating body language to communicate with her fry when she is caring for them. If there is more than one male in a tank smalle...
Nannacara taeniaStriped Dwarf Cichlid
authority not recorded
Max length50mm SL2.0in SLTank60 × 38cm24 × 15inTemp22–28°C72–82°FpH6.0–7.0Nannacara taenia is rarely seen for sale in local aquatic stores. Largely, because it is a fairly unremarkable fish, tending towards a drab brown appearance. You are more likely to obtain this fish through specialist cichlid dealers or amateur enthusiasts....

Nannostomus anduzei
Fernandez & Weitzman, 1987
Max length16mm SL0.6in SLTank45 × 30cm18 × 12inTemp22–28°C72–82°FpH5.0–7.0This is the smallest member of the genus and rarely traded in numbers, though it's a relatively common contaminant among shipments of wild fishes from Manaus. Unlike other Nannostomus spp. it does not exhibit a specific colour pattern of spots or bars at night-time, rather displaying an overall paleness. The family Lebiasinidae is included in the order Characiformes and sometimes split into the nominal subfamilies Lebiasininae a...

Nannostomus equesHockeystick Pencilfish
Steindachner, 1876
Max length35mm SL1.4in SLTank60 × 30cm24 × 12inTemp22–28°C72–82°FpH4.5–7.5This species has been referred to the genera Poecilobrycon and Nannobrycon in the past and in the aquarium hobby is also known as 'rocket', 'brown', 'brown-tailed', 'diptail', or 'tubemouth' pencilfish.It's a popular aquarium fish and has an interesting oblique swimming-style, a behavioural trait shared only with N. unifasciatus among congeners. In the original description the colour pattern is given by Steindachner as a brown lateral stripe exte...

Nannostomus espeiBarred Pencilfish
Meinken, 1956
Max length30mm SL1.2in SLTank60 × 30cm24 × 12inTemp22–28°C72–82°FpH4.0–6.5This species is sometimes traded as 'Espei's', 'four-barred' or 'banded' pencilfish and is sought after in the aquarium hobby, though normally quite expensive to buy. It's most-easily identified by its unique colour pattern of 5 dark, vertically-orientated bar-like markings on each flank, this in direct contrast to the horizontal stripes seen in other congeners...

Nannostomus harrisoniBlackstripe Pencilfish
Eigenmann, 1909
Max length45mm SL1.8in SLTank60 × 30cm24 × 12inTemp22–28°C72–82°FpH5.0–7.0This species is quite rare in the aquarium hobby and is not often available in numbers, more often being exported as bycatch among shipments of the congener N. eques. Following Weitzman and Cobb (1975) it can be diagnosed by the following combin...

Nannostomus mortenthaleriCoral Red Pencilfish
Paepke & Arendt, 2001
Max length30mm SL1.2in SLTank90 × 30cm36 × 12inTemp24–28°C75–82°FpH4.0–7.0This species is traded under various other names including 'red arc pencilfish', 'Peruvian red pencilfish', 'ruby red pencilfish', 'red pencilfish', and Nannostomus cf. marginatus 'red'. It was initially described as a subspecies of N. marginatus but can be identified by the following combination of characters: pronounced sexual dimorphism with adult males exhibiting bright red pigmentation between the central...