Hemiodus unimaculatus

Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil.

Inhabits floodplain lakes and fast-moving parts of rivers.

Very active and needs a tank measuring at least 120 ∗ 45 ∗ 45 cm48 ∗ 18 ∗ 18 in -~243 litres~64 US gal.

A biotope setup would consist, very simply, of a layer of a couple of inches of inert sand as substrate, with perhaps some smooth rocks, driftwood branches and twisted roots scattered around. It can be somewhat flighty, and some floating vegetation will help to make it less skittish. It is equally at home in a fully planted setup. In either case, the water should be very well-oxygenated, and make sure the tank has a well-fitting cover as this fish can leap surprising distances. It is sensitive to poor water conditions, so tank maintenance must be stringent.

Temperature: 22 – 26 °C72 – 79 °F

pH: 5.5-7.5

Hardness: 1-20°H

Unfussy, and will accept most live, frozen and dried foods. Try to make sure it receives some greenstuff in its diet, as it's reported to feed quite heavily on plant matter in nature.

Very peaceful but it can intimidate much smaller or more quiet species with its activity and size. It makes an ideal shoaling species for the larger Amazon biotope setup, where it can be combined with similarly-sized characins, cichlids such as Geophagus, Satanoperca and Heros, catfish and Loricariids. It is a shoaling species by nature and should always be kept in a group.

Unknown. Mature females are likely to be rounder-bellied than males.

Not thought to have been bred in the hobby. It's probably an egg-scatterer and is known to spawn during the wet season in nature.

Hemiodus species can be a very skittish when first introduced to the aquarium, but usually settle down over time, especially if a large number are being kept together. All of them look superficially similar, but can be distinguished by differences in patterning. None are particularly common in the hobby.