Schistura callichromus is a nemacheilid loach recorded only from the Babianjiang River in the Red River basin, Yunnan Province, China. It is expected to occur in Vietnamese waters as well, and Kottelat (2012) amended the spelling of its name to 'callichroma'. Wild specimens have been observed living in social aggregations of up to six in clear, well-oxygenated headwater streams.

Moderate