Mampituba

The dusky millions fish, Phalloceros caudimaculatus, is a small livebearer native to Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. Feral populations in Australia, New Zealand, Ethiopia and Malawi were purportedly introduced for mosquito control and are now considered invasive. Highly variable in colour pattern, it is known in the hobby in spotted and golden ornamental forms. P. caudimaculatus is the type species of a genus that was monotypic until 21 new species were described in 2008.

Scleromystax salmacis is a small armoured catfish known only from the rios Mampituba and Araranguá in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. It is most similar to S. macropterus but lacks a black spot at the base of the median caudal-fin rays and has more irregular transverse blotches. The dorsal and pectoral fins are equal in length in both sexes, and the type locality was a small, clear, slow-moving pool over mud-covered rock.