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Amphilophus trimaculatus

Three Spot Cichlid · Trimac

(Günther, 1867)Formerly Cichlasoma trimaculatum

Last revised 2026Edit this page

On this page10 sections

Quick factsEdit

Max size
400mm SL16in SL
Aquarium size
122 × 38cm48 × 15in
Temp
23–30°C73–86°F
pH
7.0
Hardness
not recorded

Difficulty4 of 8 measures

Moderate

How the rating is worked out

Space
large tank
Water
needs a steady pH
Temp
flexible
Diet
unknown
Temperament
territorial
Social
unknown
Compatibility
unknown

Other demands

Each of these can raise the rating on its own, whatever the measures above say.

Hardiness
unknown

The three spot cichlid or trimac, Amphilophus trimaculatus, is a large cichlid from western Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador. It lives mainly in sluggish waters of the Pacific coastal plains, among roots, branches and vegetation over mud and sand. A fairly aggressive fish that grows to around 40 cm, it is believed to be one of the species used to create the flowerhorn hybrid, and both parents guard the eggs and fry. It is still often sold as Cichlasoma trimaculatum.

Distribution

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Western parts of Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador. There are also feral populations in Singapore.

Found mainly in sluggish waters of the Pacific coastal plains and surrounding lowlands. It tends to be associated with soft substrates of mud and sand, where it lives among submerged roots, branches and vegetation.

Aquarium size

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Standard length
400mm SL16in SL
Aquarium base
122 × 38cm48 × 15in
Volume
~176litres~46US gal

48" x 15" x 15"

Maintenance

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Rocks and bogwood to form territories. Lives in lakes and slower moving water in the wild, so avoid strong current in the aquarium. Plants are best avoided as the will be uprooted. Trimacs will rearrange the tank as they see fit!

Water conditions

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Temperature
23–30°C73–86°F
pH
7.0
Hardness
not recorded

Temperature: 23 – 30 °C73 – 86 °F

pH: 7.0

Hardness: Moderate hardness of around 15 gH

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A predatory species that feeds on other fish and both aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates.

Behaviour and compatibility

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A fairly aggressive cichild, the trimac will not tolerate other tankmates easily. It may be possible to keep this fish as part of a large robust cichild community if enough tank space is provided.

Sexual dimorphism

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Males is larger and may be more colourful.

Reproduction

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Breeding is fairly easy. The pair usually select a flat stone and spawn on that. Up to 1000 eggs may be laid. Trimacs make excellent parents and will guard the eggs fiercely. Both parents will also tend the fry when hatched.

Notes

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Amphilophus trimaculatus is a large colourful cichlid, if a little aggressive. It is believed to be one of the fish that was used to create the hybrid Flowerhorn cichlid. We prefer it in its natural state.

As with most large cichlids they can be fairly messy eaters so ensure decent filtration is provided. It is recommended to use a spraybar to disperse the water returning to the tank as trimacs will not appreciate strong flow.

How the name has changed

  1. Moved from Cichlasoma trimaculatum to Amphilophus trimaculatus.

    2016Diversity and evolution of the Middle American cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with revised classification

Distribution

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