Hyphessobrycon brumado

Hyphessobrycon: from the Ancient Greek υπελάσσων (hyphesson), meaning 'of lesser stature', and used as a prefix in this case, plus the generic name Brycon.

brumado: named after the rio Brumado, type locality of this species.

Known only from the rio Brumado, a tributary within the coastal rio de Contas drainage in Bahia state, eastern Brazil.

The full type locality is 'Rio Brumado, at Ponte do Coronel, rio de Contas drainage, 13°29'37.0"S, 41°52'0.6"W, Rio de Contas Municipality, Bahia, Brazil'.

Collected from moderately-flowing streams at altitudes between 971-1048 m AMSL with substrates of rock and sand and riparian vegetation comprising grass, shrubs and trees.

Sympatric fish species included Astyanax aff. lacustris, Gymnotus aff. carapo, Hypostomus sp., Parotocinclus jimi, Poecilia reticulata, Rhamdia aff. quelen, and Trichomycterus sp.

The stomach contents of wild specimens included filamentous algae, fragments of vascular plants, adults and larvae of Diptera (Chironomidae and Simuliidae), larvae of Trichoptera, adults of Formicidae, Aranae, and fragments of unidentified arthropods.

In some females the lateral stripe is less broad and rounded caudal blotch more conspicuous than in males, while some males possess a greater degree of dark pigmentation on the caudal-fin than females.

This species superficially resembles the popular silver-tipped tetra, Hasemania nana, but can easily be told apart by presence (vs. absence) of an adipose-fin.

It can be told apart from other Hyphessobrycon species from northeastern Brazilian drainages by possession of a broad black lateral stripe on the body that extends onto the median caudal-fin rays (vs. absence of broad stripe and/or median caudal-fin rays hyaline), absence of a humeral spot (vs. presence in some species) and absence of a well defined caudal spot (mainly in males).